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Extreme temperatures reduce the return of tourists to Spain

16 July 2026

A recently published study by CaixaBank Research reveals that extreme temperatures reduce the rate of return of foreign tourists to Spain by 15%. By cross-referencing credit card payment data and the climate history of the European Copernicus program, researchers David Cesar Heymann and Eduard Alcobé Garcia showed that the negative impact on loyalty begins to be felt as soon as thermometers rise only 4 ºC above the historical average of the visited region.